Serba-Serbi KPR yang Harus Diketahui

Membeli rumah semakin mudah dengan adanya Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (KPR). Melalui KPR, Anda dapat segera menempati rumah sendiri meski belum memiliki dana yang cukup. Akan tetapi, untuk mengajukan KPR kepada bank ada ketentuan dan proses yang harus dilalui. Agar pengajuan kredit diterima bank, simak serba-serbi yang harus diketahui tentang KPR di bawah ini.

KPR Memudahkan Pembelian Rumah

KPR adalah layanan peminjaman dari bank kepada nasabah untuk membeli rumah dengan cara kredit. Produk pembiayaan yang diberikan dapat mencapai 90% dari harga rumah. Jika membeli rumah lewat KPR, nasabah cukup membayar uang muka karena sisanya akan dilunasi bank. Sebagai gantinya, nasabah mencicil biaya pelunasan per bulan kepada bank dengan disertai bunga. Melalui KPR, artinya rumah yang dibeli menjadi jaminan pinjaman. Jika pinjaman tak bisa dilunasi, rumah tersebut akan disita bank.

Pahami Peraturan Pengajuan KPR

Menurut aturan Bank Indonesia, minimal uang muka KPR adalah 30% untuk rumah pertama dan 50% untuk rumah kedua. Membayar lebih besar dari DP yang ditetapkan akan mengurangi biaya angsuran per bulan. Cicilan KPR biasanya dihitung maksimal 1/3 atau 30% dari total penghasilan. Anda juga harus paham jika tidak semua pengajuan KPR akan diterima oleh bank. Saat pengajuan KPR, bank akan memeriksa riwayat kredit nasabah. Jika nasabah masih punya utang kartu kredit atau riwayat pembayaran hal lain yang buruk, permohonan KPR kemungkinan besar ditolak.

Cermat Membayar Cicilan

Cicilan KPR terdiri atas utang pokok dan bunga. Utang pokok artinya nominal uang yang belum dilunasi nasabah ketika membeli rumah. Sedangkan bunga adalah biaya jasa KPR yang ditentukan oleh bank tersebut atas persetujuan Bank Indonesia. Bunga KPR ada dua macam, yaitu fixed (tetap) dan floating (mengambang). Fixed artinya nasabah membayar bunga dengan nilai tetap selama periode yang telah disepakati. Sedangkan floating artinya nilai bunga berubah-ubah sesuai dengan ketetapan bank dan tergantung pada pasar suku bunga.

Sumber: http://www.cosmopolitan.co.id/article/read/5/2015/7477/serba-serbi-kpr-yang-harus-diketahui

Relative Clauses

Relative clauses are non-essential parts of a sentence. They may add meaning, but if they are removed, the sentence will still function grammatically. There are two broad types of relative clauses in English. It is important to distinguish between them because it affects the choice of pronoun used to introduce the clause. There is a more detailed page about preposition placement in relative clauses.

DEFINING CLAUSES

A defining or identifying clause tells us which specific person or thing we are talking about in a larger group of people or things. If a defining relative clause is removed, the meaning of the sentence changes significantly. A defining relative clauses is not separated from the rest of the sentence by commas or parentheses.

EXAMPLES

• The woman who visited me in the hospital was very kind.
• The umbrella that I bought last week is already broken.
• The man who stole my backpack has been arrested.
• The weather that we had this summer was beautiful.

NON DEFINING CLAUSES

A non-defining or non-essential clause gives us more information about the person or thing we are talking about. If a non-defining relative clause is removed from a sentence, we lose some detail, but the overall meaninf of the sentence remains the same. Non-defining relative clauses are always set off from the rest of the sentence with commas or parentheses.

EXAMPLES

• The farmer, whose name was Fred, sold us 10 pounds of potatoes.
• Elephants, which are the largest land mammals, live in herds of 10 or more adults.
• The author, who graduated from the same university I did, gave a wonderful presentation.
• My mother, who is 86, lives in Paris.

Sumber: http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/relative-clauses/

Relative Clauses, Relative Clause Reduction and Subjunctive

Exercise 37: Relative Clauses

1. The last record which produced by this company became a gold record.
2. Checking accounts that require a minimum balance are very common now.
3. The professor whom you spoke yesterday is not here today.
4. John whose grades are the highest in the school has received a scholarship.
5. Felipe bought a camera which has three lenses.
6. Frank is the man who we are going to nominate for the office or treasurer.
7. The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.
8. Jane is the woman who is going to Chinaa next year.
9. Janet wants a typewriter that self-corrects.
10. The book which I found last week contains some useful information.
11. Mr. Bryant whose team has lost the game looks very sad.
12. James wrote an article which indicated that he disliked the president.
13. The director of the program who graduated from Harvard University is planning to retire next year.
14. This is the book that I have been looking for all year.
15. William whose brother is a lawyer wants to become a judge.

Exercise 38: Relative Clause Reduction

1. George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
2. All of the money accepted has already been released.
3. The papers on the table belong to Patricia.
4. The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.
5. The girl drinking coffe is Mary Allen.
6. John's wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.
7. The man talking to the policeman is my uncle.
8. The book on the top shelf is the one that I need.
9. The number of students counted is quite high.
10. Leo Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.

Exercise 39: Subjunctive

1. The teacher demanded the student to leave the room.
2. Correct
3. It was very important that we delayed discussion.
4. Correct
5. The king decreed the new laws to take effect the following months.
6. Correct
7. Correct
8. His father prefers him to attend a different university.
9. The faculty stipulated the rule to be abolished.
10. She urged us to find another alternative.

Pilih Gunakan Uang Tunai atau Kartu Kredit?

Beragam penawaran menarik yang diberikan kartu kredit memang menggiurkan. Tapi jika tidak ingin terlilit masalah karena penggunaan kartu kredit yang tidak bijak, ada baiknya Anda memilah-milah antara penggunaan kartu kredit dan uang tunai.

Gunakan UANG TUNAI untuk membeli...

Makanan
Memang banyak kartu kredit yang menawarkan diskon untuk restoran tertentu. Tapi, untuk makanan lebih baik Anda membayarnya dengan uang tunai. Pasalnya, saat Anda tergiur dengan diskon-diskon tersebut bukan hanya tagihan kartu kredit yang akan semakin bertambah namun porsi makan yang dipesan pun akan lebih banyak daripada yang dibutuhkan.

Kebutuhan Sehari-hari
Belanja di supermarket atau ingin menambah koleksi pakaian Anda, sebaiknya hindari penggunaan kartu kredit. Walaupun diskon yang ditawarkan cukup besar, namun Anda jadi tergoda untuk membeli barang-barang yang tidak diperlukan.

Gunakan KARTU KREDIT untuk membeli...

Gadget
Sudah punya gadget yang diincar tapi uang Anda belum mencukupi? Nah inilah saatnya Anda memaksimalkan tawaran cicilan 0%. Dengan begitu, Anda bisa memiliki gadget yang diinginkan dalam waktu lebih cepat tanpa perlu merasakan krisis keuangan.

Tiket Konser atau Pesawat
Jika Anda berencana untuk liburan ataupun menonton konser, saatnya mengeluarkan kartu kredit Anda. Biasanya beberapa bank memiliki penawaran menarik untuk pembelian tiket-tiket tersebut lho, selain itu dengan membelinya jauh-jauh hari tentu harganya akan lebih murah.

Sumber:
http://www.cosmopolitan.co.id/article/read/4/2015/6912/pilih-gunakan-uang-tunai-atau-kartu-kredit

Passive Voice

Use of Passive

passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. it is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it. Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows: A mistake was made.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blama anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake).

Form of Passive

S + finite form of to be + past participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

• the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
• the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Sumber: 

htpps://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive

Enough, Because/Because Of, So/Such, Passive Voice, and Causative Verbs

Exercise 32: Enough

1. enough people
2. french enough
3. enough time
4. fast enough
5. soon enough
6. early enough
7. hard enough
8. slowly enough
9. enough flour
10. enough books

Exercise 33: Because/Because Of

1. because
2. because
3. because of
4. because
5. because of
6. because of
7. because of
8. because
9. because
10. because of

Exercise 34: So/Such

1. so
2. such
3. so
4. such
5. so
6. so
7. such
8. so
9. such
10. such
11. so
12. so
13. such
14. so
15. so

Exercise 35: Passive Voice

1. The President is called by somebody every day.
2. The other members are being called by John.
3. Mr. Watson will be called tonight by somebody.
4. Considerable damage has been caused by the fire.
5. The supplies should be bought for this class by the teacher.

Exercise 36: Causative Verbs

1. leave
2. repaired
3. to type
4. call
5. painted
6. write
7. lie
8. sent
9. to cut
10. to sign
11. leave
12. to wash
13, fixed
14. published
15. to find

Adjectives and Adverbs, Linking (Copulative) Verbs, and Comparisons

Exercise 26: Adjectives and Adverbs (Page 107)

1. well
2. intense
3. brightly
4. fluent
5. fluently
6. smooth
7. accurately
8. bitter
9. soon
10. fast

Exercise 27: Linking (Copulative) Verbs (Page 109)

1. teribble
2. well
3. good
4. calm
5. sick
6. quickly
7. diligently
8. vehemently
9. relaxed
10. noisy

Exercise 28: Comparisons (Page 114)

1. as soon
2. more important
3. as well
4. more expensive
5. as hot
6. more talented
7.more colorful
8. happier
9. worse
10. faster

Exercise 29: Comparisons (Page 104)

1. than
2. than
3. from
4. than
5. as
6. than
7. as
8. than
9. than
10.than

Exercise 30: Comparisons (Page 117-118)

1. best
2. happiest
3. faster
4. creamiest
5. more colorful
6. better
7. good
8. more awkwardly
9. least
10. prettiest
11. the best
12. from
13. less impressive
14. the sicker
15.  when
16. twice more than
17. few
18. much
19. farthest
20. more famous

Tiga Negara yang Memiliki Manajer perempuan Terbanyak

Isu kesetaraan jenis kelamin sudah sejak lama menjadi permasalahan yang selalu diperbincangkan dalam dunia kerja. Berdasarkan data statistik terbaru yang menunjukkan perbandingan jumlah posisi manajerial untuk jenis kelamin perempuan dan laki-laki, nyatanya tak banyak perubahan dalam hal itu.

Menurut peenelitian yang dilakukan oleh firma peneliti Amerika Serikat, Expert Market, data menunjukkan bahwa hanya ada tiga negara di dunia yang memiliki manajer perempuan lebih banyak daripada manajer laki-laki.

Data yang diambil dari International Labour Organization (ILO) menunjukkan bahwa Jamaika adalah negara dengan manajer perempuan terbanyak di dunia. Jumlah bagian untuk manajer perempuan di negara asal Bob Marley ini sebesar 59,3 persen. Selanjutnya, peringkat kedua dan ketiga masing-masing ditempati Kolombia dan Saint Lucia, dengan 53,1 persen dan 52,3 persen.

Uniknya, dari total 108 negara di dunia, jumlah manajer perempuan terbanyak berada di negara-negara Kepulauan Karibia, yang berada di kawasan Amerika Selatan.

Negara-negara maju di Benua Eropa, seperti Inggris, Jerman, Perancis, dan Spanyol, justru berada di urutan ke-40 bawah. Sementara itu, negara dengan rangking terendah atau sangat sedikit memiliki manajer perempuan rata-rata berada di Timur Tengah., seperti Pakistan dan Jordania, yang sebagaimana kita ketahui, peran perempuan sangat terbatas di negara-negara tersebut.

Sumber: http://female.kompas.com/read/2015/04/08/200000920/Inilah.Tiga.Negara.yang.Memiliki.Manajer.Perempuan.Terbanyak  

What is a Degree of Comparison?

A degree of comparison is a way to compare a person or thing either to one other person or thing or to a group of people or things. There are three different forms of a degree of comparison. The positive form is the basic, simplest form; the comparative form is when two people or things are compared; and the superlative form is when three or more people or things are compared. Degrees of comparison are only used with adverbs and adjectives.

The positive form is the most basic degree of comparison. It is generally used when describing one person. An example of  this would be "John is thin". It describes a quality about John but is not comparing him to any person or group specifically. The positive form can also be used when comparing two or even three or more people or things.

The comparative form is used when two people otr things are compared, and it is a higher degree of comparison than the positive form. An example of this would be "John is thinner than Mark", with John and Mark as the two people being compared. In the comparative form, the adjective is often formed by adding -er to the end of it, as in "thinner". Another option would be to used the word more in front of the word, as in "John is more thin than Mark". Than is often used as a conjuction when using the comparative degree of comparison.

The final form of the degree of comparison is the superlative. This is generally used when comparing a person or thing to a group of people. "John is the thinnest boy in his class", would be an example of the superlative degree of comparison. The superlatiive is often formed by adding either -est to the end of the word or using the word most, as in "John is the most thin boy in his class". Another general rule when using the superlative form is that the article the often comes before the adjective.

There are also degree within the positive, comparative, and superlative forms. In the positive form, there is a degree of equality; for example, one could say "John is as thin as Mark". This sentence compares the two boys, but the comparison is equal. On the other hand, there is also a degree of inequality in the positive form. An example of this would be "Mark is not as thin as John", which also compares the two boys, but the comparison is not equal.

Different degree are also found in the comparative form. One of these is the parallel degree, which generally happens when there are two adjectives in the sentence, for example. As one changes, the other changes as well. The progressive degree is another degree found within the comparative form, and it shows a progression over time. For example, "As the weeks went by, John got thinner and thinner."

Sumber: www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-degree-of-comparison.htm
  

The 4 Types of Conditional Sentences

Zero-Type Conditional

The form of the zero conditional causes no problems since the present tenses are used in both clauses, 

Zero-type conditionals
If clause	Main or conditional clause
If + Present tense	Present tense
If you heat water	it boils.

The zero conditional is normally used to talk about facts and to express general truths.

First-Type Conditional

The basic form for this type of conditional sentence can be seen in the chart below. As before, the order of the clauses can be changed with no change in meaning.

First-type conditionals
If clause	Main or conditional clause
If + Present tense	Future tense
If they don't arrive soon If they are late	we'll leave without them. I'm going to be angry.

You will note that on the if side of the sentence any present tense can be used, while in the main clause the speaker is free to choose any future that helps to express any additional meaning that the speaker wants to express.

If he's sleeping, he will not wake up until morning. (The present continuos in the first part of the sentence expresses the present temporary nature of the situation and the will in second part is making prediction about the future).

Alan is going to post me the recipe, if he finds it. (In the first clause I am expressing Alan's intention so going to is the best future to use, while the second clause contains  a simple present tense).

If he's staying at the party, I'm leaving. (In the first clause I am thinking about the possible current state of affairs, so I choose the present continuos, while in the second  I am reffering to the future plan that I have in mind should he decide to stay, so again I choose the present continuos).

If you have finished the essay, leave it on my desk. (By using the present perfent tense in the if clause I am stressing the completed nature of the action, while in the second clause I have used an imperative, which has a future meaning).

Second-Type Conditional

This type is often called the hypothetical or 'unreal' future conditional since it is usually used to speculate about either very unlikely future situations or present and future impossibilities.

Second-type conditionals
If clause	Main or conditional clause
If + Past tense	would + verb
If I had time If I had wings	I would drop you off at school. I would fly.

  

Third-Type Conditional

This type refers to hypotetical situations in the past. In this case we use the past perfect tenses in the if clause and would + have in the main clause, 

Third-type conditionals
If clause	Main or conditional clause
If + Past Perfect tense	would have + past participle
If I had known about his condition If we had known about the storm	I would have phoned for you earlier. we wouldn't have started our journey.

The main uses of the third conditional are for speculating about the past, expressing regrets, excusing our own actions and criticising others. 

https://www.tesol-direct.com/guide-to-english-grammar/conditional-sentences

 

Conditional Sentence

Exercise 21: Conditional Sentence (Page 97)       Exercise 22: Used To (Page 99)

1. were understood                                                  1. eating
2. would not have been                                           2. eat
3. can give                                                               3. swim
4. would have told                                                   4. like
5. would have been                                                  5. speaking
6. had                                                                       6. studying
7. could stop                                                            7. dance
8. needed help                                                          8. sleeping
9. would have found                                                9. eating
10. enjoyed                                                              10. eating
11. paint              
12. were                                                                    Exercise 23: Would Rather (101)
13. write
14. could have                                                           1. stay
15. were spending                                                     2. have stayed
16. will accept                                                           3. work
17. buy                                                                       4. study
18. had decided                                                          5. not study
19. would have written                                              6. have
20. leaks                                                                     7. have stood
21. had studied                                                           8. not cook
22. has hear                                                                9. had not arrived
23. see                                                                        10. have slept
24. gets
25. have turn                                                              Exerc.. 24: Must/ Should + Perfective (Pg. 105)
26, were
27. would have called                                                1. should have had
28. would have talked                                                2. must have been
29. explained                                                              3. must have damaged
30. spoked                                                                  4. must not have parked
                                                                                   5. must have studied
                                                                                   6. should have studied
                                                                                   7. must have been
                                                                                   8. should have deposited
                                                                                   9. must have forgotten
                                                                                   10. must not have studied

                                                                                   Exercise 25: Modals + Perfective (Page 105)

                                                                                   1. I would
                                                                                   2. would have gone
                                                                                   3. may have had
                                                                                   4. should have done
                                                                                   5. must have forgotten
                                                                                   6. may have slept
                                                                                   7. might have had
                                                                                   8. could have lost
                                                                                   9. should not have driven
                                                                                   10. may have run